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Executive summary

The Matatiele district is a montane grassland region of South Africa that has been a major livestock producer for over 150 years. The regional vegetation is dominated by native grasslands as well as secondary grasslands that have re-established on abandoned cultivated lands. These two major land cover types comprise approximately 90% of the land surface and although highly productive, they are both vulnerable to soil erosion, changes in species composition (which affects forage quality) and invasion by undesirable/unpalatable woody shrubs. Climate change predictions for the region indicate that for the foreseeable future these grasslands will remain the dominant land cover type, with some small-scale increases in woody shrub biomass in the form of non-indigenous wattle along hill-slope seeps. The major impact of climate change expected for this region is an increase in the frequency and intensity of summer rainfall events, with an accompanying increase in soil erosion and silt loads in rivers. Heavier downpours, or storm-flow events, are due to the warming ocean and the increase in cyclonic conditions in the Indian Ocean off KwaZulu-Natal. These downpours will result in increased soil erosion which will be exacerbated by the relatively low grass cover associated with intensive grazing of abandoned arable lands, and the prevalence of large area with bare soil where un-controlled grazing continues to predominate.

Elevated CO₂ may also, through atmospheric fertilization of C3 trees and shrubs, lead to an increase in cover of native woody shrubs and trees in the region. There is evidence for this process already occurring as invasive alien plants have increased along the hill-slope seeps, adjacent to woodlots and windbreaks, but primarily into abandoned arable land. Although this land cover classes occupy relatively small areas (~10%) in relation to grass covered land, the accumulative effect of increased alien and indigenous trees and shrubs, and increased land area under settlement, will result in the decline of the land area available for grazing by domestic livestock.

Last Modified: Thu, 14 Nov 2024 17:32:42 SAST